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Medications: What They Do & What to Expect

This section will explain how psychiatric medications work in the brain and body, why they may be prescribed,

what benefits they offer, and what you can expect when starting or adjusting a treatment plan.

Understanding your medications empowers you to work collaboratively with your prescriber and

optimize mental health outcomes.

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Understanding Psychiatric  Medications

How Medications Work

  • Psychiatric medications interact with brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which help neurons communicate and regulate mood, attention, sleep, and anxiety.

  • Different medication classes influence specific neurotransmitters differently (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine).

General Expectations

  • Effects may take several weeks to become noticeable.

  • Your body may adjust over time, affecting benefits and side effects.

  • Not every medication works the same for everyone — responses vary.

  • Open communication with your provider is key.

Integrative Psychiatry & Medication Use

At Dual Minds Integrative Psychiatry, we focus on using medications only when absolutely necessary. Our goal is to support mental health safely while addressing the underlying causes of symptoms through a combination of therapy, lifestyle strategies, supplements, and other integrative approaches.

Careful
Medication Use

Medications are prescribed only when needed to help stabilize mood, attention, anxiety, or other mental health symptoms.

Every treatment plan is individualized to balance benefits and minimize reliance on medications whenever possible.

Ongoing monitoring ensures that medications remain appropriate for each patient’s changing needs.

Addressing Root Causes

Our goal is to identify and treat the underlying causes of mental health symptoms.

 

Key points include:

  • Support through therapy, mindfulness, and lifestyle strategies.

  • Focus on nutrition and integrative approaches to enhance overall wellness.

  • Helping patients achieve stability and long-term mental health, beyond just managing symptoms with medications.

Tapering Medications Safely

Once the root causes are addressed, the primary goal is to taper medications appropriately whenever possible.

 

Important aspects include:

  • Gradual reduction under close supervision of a licensed prescriber to ensure safety.

  • Focus on maintaining stability while reducing dependence on medications.

  • Many patients come to Dual Minds Integrative Psychiatry specifically to safely decrease or discontinue medications.

Common Types of Medications

Understanding the different types of psychiatric medications can help you know what to expect and feel more confident in your treatment.

It’s very important that any medication is

prescribed and closely monitored by a licensed provider,

especially when managing psychiatric conditions.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are often used to help manage depression and anxiety. They work by balancing brain chemicals that affect mood, motivation, and energy.

 

Effects can take several weeks to fully appear, so it’s important to follow your prescriber’s instructions closely.

Common examples:

  • SSRIs

    • Fluoxetine (Prozac)

    • Sertraline (Zoloft)

    • Escitalopram (Lexapro)

  • SNRIs

    • Venlafaxine (Effexor)

    • Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

  • Others

    • Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

    • Mirtazapine (Remeron)

Antipsychotic Medications

These medications help reduce symptoms like hallucinations, severe mood changes, agitation, and disorganized thinking.

 

They can be used short-term to stabilize symptoms or long-term to help maintain balance.

 

Always take these under the supervision of your prescriber.​

 

Common examples:

  • Newer antipsychotics

    • Quetiapine (Seroquel)

    • Aripiprazole (Abilify)

    • Risperidone (Risperdal)

    • Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

  • Older antipsychotics

    • Haloperidol (Haldol)

Sleep & Sedative Medications

These medications are used to support sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, and regulation of the sleep wake cycle.

 

They may be helpful for insomnia, circadian rhythm concerns, or sleep disruption related to anxiety, mood disorders, or medical conditions.

 

Some are used short-term, while others can be part of a longer-term plan. Treatment is individualized and guided by ongoing conversation with your provider.​

 

Common examples:

  • Melatonin-based options

    • Melatonin

    • Ramelteon (Rozerem)

  • Sedative-hypnotic medications

    • Zolpidem (Ambien)

    • Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

  • Low-dose antidepressants used for sleep

    • Trazodone

    • Doxepin

Mood Stabilizers

Mood stabilizers are used to help manage mood swings, particularly in bipolar disorder. They support brain chemistry to keep moods more even.

 

Regular follow-up with your prescriber is essential, and some medications may require blood tests to ensure safety.

Common examples:

  • Lithium (Lithobid)

  • Valproate / Divalproex (Depakote)

  • Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

  • Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Stimulants

These medications help improve focus, attention, and impulse control. They are most commonly used to treat ADHD and, in some cases, narcolepsy.

 

Stimulants may work quickly and are thoughtfully adjusted over time to support benefits while limiting side effects.

 

These medications work best when taken as part of an ongoing, collaborative plan with your prescribing provider.​

 

Common examples:

  • Methylphenidate-based medications

    • Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

    • Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

  • Amphetamine-based medications

    • Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall)

    • Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

Substance Use & Craving Management Medications

These medications can help reduce cravings, support recovery, and manage withdrawal symptoms in patients with substance use concerns.

 

They are carefully prescribed and monitored as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Common examples:

  • Naltrexone

  • Acamprosate

  • Buprenorphine

  • Topiramate 

Anti-Anxiety Medications

These medications help reduce anxiety and promote calmness. Some work quickly for short-term relief, while others are used long-term to maintain stability.

 

Always take these under the supervision of your prescriber to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Common examples:

  • Benzodiazepines

    • short-term use

      • Lorazepam (Ativan)

      • Clonazepam (Klonopin)

      • Alprazolam (Xanax)

    • Longer-term options

      • Buspirone (Buspar)

      • Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

Non-Stimulants

These medications are used when stimulants are not well tolerated, not appropriate, or when additional symptom support is needed.

 

They may take longer to show full benefit but can support attention, emotional regulation, and impulse control.

 

Careful follow-up with your provider helps ensure the medication continues to be a good fit for your needs.

 

Common examples:

  • Atomoxetine (Strattera)

  • Guanfacine (Intuniv)

  • Clonidine (Kapvay)

Adjunctive & Off-Label Medications

These medications come from various classes and may be used to target specific symptoms rather than a single diagnosis.

 

They can be helpful for concerns such as irritability, impulsivity, trauma-related symptoms, chronic pain, or sleep and anxiety support.

 

Use of these medications is thoughtful and individualized, with close attention to how they fit into the overall treatment plan.

 

Common examples:

  • Gabapentin

  • Propranolol

  • Prazosin

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Side Effects in Integrative Psychiatry

At Dual Minds Integrative Psychiatry, side effects aren’t just something to tolerate -

they provide important information to guide personalized care.

We focus on understanding why side effects happen and how to support the

whole person alongside medication use.

 

All psychiatric medications should be taken with a licensed prescriber,

with regular follow-up to ensure safety, effectiveness, and alignment with your treatment goals.

Why They Occur

Side effects can develop for a variety of reasons, including:

• Individual differences in metabolism and genetics
• Sensitivity to changes in neurotransmitters
• Nutrient deficiencies or absorption concerns
• Gut health and inflammation
• Interactions with other medications or supplements
• Sleep disruption, stress, or hormonal changes

Integrative psychiatry seeks to identify these contributors rather than automatically increasing doses or adding additional medications.

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